Sunday, February 28, 2010

All the Creatures

All the Creatures


Bogus horseback therapy places

Posted: 28 Feb 2010 09:54 AM PST


Damn, now I have seen first hand 2 handicapped riding places that should not be in business. The first one I found out about was almost 10 years ago. I think because of the economy it might have gone out of business, since I cannot find out anything about it since 2006. The recent one [...]

petmyforum.com

petmyforum.com


Olivera Stojanovska and Paco get new vehicle from Macedonia

Posted: 28 Feb 2010 08:17 AM PST

Olivera Stojanovska and paco from macedonia, she have a nice giant schnauzer calling Paco.
She just bought a new vehicle calling Skoda Yeti. She can bring Paco go to any where.

Olivera Stojanovska is my facebook friend.

By Clement

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In Loving Memory for Peanut from Darmark 05/04-2001 – 26/02-2010

Posted: 28 Feb 2010 04:55 AM PST


In Loving Memory for Peanut 05/04-2001 – 26/02-2010, Peanut from Darmark Family, Her owner is Julie Sander Lindgren, she is my friend from Facebook. Peanut was sick due to illness, It was hard the decision to euthanize dog is one of the hardest you'll have to make, but it's the most humane way to say goodbye to old friend who's in pain.
Take your friend yourself, wrapped in her favorite blanket with a favorite toy or treat. Remember, the last sensations your dog will experience are the sound of your voice and your reassuring smell, the things she loved during her life. Rest in peace.

By Clement

Last words from your Mom :
- my dear , my love, my companion through life.
Our life together has been with love from the first sight. When I got sick with bad kidneys and nearly died , not once but two times, the thought of you and Mingo , brought me back from the dark tunnels of my life.
With you eyes of understanding my hurt, and licking the tears from my eyes, you have been my true companion all the way through. You made me smile on a rainy day , and I use to sing : " You are my sunshine, my only sunshine.
You make me happy when sky's are grey.
You never notice how much I love you -
please don't take my sunshine away."
The 26 of feb. 2010 , my sunshine was taken away , it's cold and Im freezing. But Im still breathing, Im still breathing , Im still breathing,- even though my heart stopped beating when you died. My heart is ripped to thousand pieces, and Im so afraid I can't heal. The aching in my body , my mind and my broken heart, is not going away, even though I try to go one with my life.
I have to be there for the others , for Mingo , she misses you like crazy , and I don´t know if she knows.
The empty pillows and blankets were you alway lay on , is empty and the screaming silence , seems so loud in my ears, only my aching heart is to be heart. I love you more than any word can say or any poem or song can express, I hope you know that.

You where the little one, "lille", "Pretty" , " Mohi" and "Prettypooh", sweet child have manny names, and you were our "kind" of child, because I couldn't get any children of my own. Maybe that is why letting you go is hurting so much more.
Now you rest beside Isabel in the garden you love so much. Risby is where you have to take your last journey across the Rainbow Bridge in to the gates of heaven.

Please wait for us till we see you again , and forgive me the choice I made to let you go. Even though people say , that was for your best , and it was !!, I never will come to term with playing God. Who am I , to decide who should live or die. I feel so guilty ! Guilty that I did not discover your illness before to late. That I didn't tell the vet about the lump I have found. That I didn't think enough of it. I hate myself everyday not have done you right , and been a so selfish. I should have known, I should have seen , that you had a bad day. I did not !
PLEASE FORGIVE ME.
My love for you will never die, and you will be forever in my heart, I'll never forget you. I beg you to watch over our Twins and be their guardian angle. I have learn my lesson, and I promised you I will never make the same mistake again.

This is goodbye – I have to let you go, even though my heart is aching, my tears is running down my cheeks. We will see each other again – I Promise – I Promise you, and then I will never leave you again – I promised.
My sweet little Peanut, my eternal love will be with you and guide you through the tunnels of darkness till you reach the shining light that you deserve . Be in peace my love – I will hold you in my arms in my dreams, kiss you like I use to – till we meet again…… I love you…. see you soon…. my love…. my Peanut

By Julie Sander Lindgren

http://www.schnauzerlounge.com/page19/files/220eab05f5e0101f9d3322573b0c621d-3.html

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My dog treat keep in freezer for more frash

Posted: 27 Feb 2010 10:57 PM PST

 

My dog treat keep in freezer for more frash and last longer the quality. It avoid for high humility from room temperature. One of freezer slot is belong to my dogs!

By Me

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Saturday, February 27, 2010

All the Creatures

All the Creatures


Animals seized from an animal shelter

Posted: 27 Feb 2010 09:09 AM PST


The video news story below makes you wonder how these people can proclaim themselves to be helping animals when the local authorities have to step in and take animals away from them - for the animals welfare. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Always give your pet a hug, kind word or praise. After all they are around because you wanted them [...]

BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN


key to success in fish culture

Posted: 27 Feb 2010 05:37 AM PST


key to success in fish culture

when we talk about the fish will not be separated from food, eating is a necessity of human routine. Fish is one of the provider of nutrition for humans because of the fish contains many useful proteins for the human body.
with the population growth increased the demand for fish is increasing.

To provide for those needs we will not only give priority to the production of fish from catch it, because if kept mengandalan production of the catch to potential overfishing especially when fishing out of hand. to satisfy the needs of the fish we need to increase the cultivation of fish, good fish cultivation in ponds, paddy fields, ponds, and others.
in cultivation did not always run smoothly and often encounter obstacles. therefore below we will mention some of the key to success in fish farming. is as follows:

1. selection of appropriate farming locations
adequate water sources and available throughout the year, the slope of the best pool area so as to facilitate the entry process and disposal of pool water.

2. location far from sources of pollution or waste
if the source of the contaminated pond water will result in decreased water quality, so the fish grow less well.

3. access to the pool location is easy.
Pool area is easy to visit, it is concerned at the ease in fish marketing.

4. fish culture techniques to master
need to know how to fish culture, fish preservation techniques concerns, technical pest fish diseases, water quality engineering, construction techniques.

5. employee management
employee management arrangements need to master, it relates to professional employees.

6. market access
market not far from the location of cultivation, consider the needs of the surrounding community.

Fly Fishing For Fun

Posted: 27 Feb 2010 05:11 AM PST


Fly Fishing For Fun
by: Sammy Salmon


Fly fishing is very different than fishing with a lure or worm type baits. The fly fisherman uses a artificial fly consisting of bites of feathers, foam, hide, fur, yarn, and other materials to be tried on to a hook that make it appealing to the type of fish you are catching. Every fly fisherman has his own type of flies he like to use some purchase them and then some of us like to tie our own. Fly tying is more of an art with basic training which most people can learn over a short period of time.

Dry fly fishing is the best classic form of fishing. The artificial fly is cast so that it floats on the surface of the water. As the fly passes over the fish it will rise to the surface and strike or take the fly.

With the fly rod you will attempt to stop the fish from spitting out the fly and get it tired enough so you can land it in your net. With fly fishing you will see all the action as you cast the fly and play the fish for a strike. The fly is very visible on the surface to the fish. You will see the fish take the fly on the surface however trout and other fish tend to feed under water so if you see the fish rising to the surface it is time to use a dry fly.

Wet flies will sink under the surface of the water an may be passed in front of the fish there bye causing the fish too strike at the fly,

Nymph fishing is very popular after the flies lay eggs on lakes or in streams and they hatch out as nymphs. As the nymphs make their way to the surface the fish will take them. When they get to the surface they will hatch into a flies.

When nymph fishing the imitation nymphs you us will be weighted to stay below the surface of the water. This will be far more of a challenge for you as the action all take place under the surface of the water and you will not be able to see if a fish is about to strike.

Most fish can be caught on a fly but the most common are trout, salmon, chars, and most game fish. In most areas the trout are the most popular and you will find them feeding mostly on small insects in shallow water. If you live on the coast you find salmon fishing with a fly rod a very rewarding challenge. Hooking a 30 or 40 pound salmon on a fly rod will give you a work out running up and down the beach trying to play the fish out to land it .

The fly fishing sport has gained ever increasing popularity over the years. Most will agree it just not about catching the fish but in the delivery of the fly and the skill and knowledge in the pursuit.

Some fly fisherman regard fly fishing as the holy grail of fishing. It is more relaxing and some say a better past time than golf. The sport of fly fishing see people from all walks of life. Some say it is more environmentally friends than the other type of fishing because it does less harm to the fish then other styles of fishing.

The art of fly fishing will get in to your blood and you will peruse the quite of the streams or the solitude of the ocean beaches to capture you prey. Most anglers will catch and release if they are fly fishing.

About The Author

Sammy Salmon has been having fun fishing for years and wants to share all his knowledge with you so be sure to visit him at http://www.fishing-for-fun.net.

kunci keberhasilan dalam budidaya ikan

Posted: 27 Feb 2010 12:35 AM PST


kunci keberhasilan dalam budidaya ikan

apabila kita berbicara tentang ikan maka tidak akan lepas dari makanan, makan merupakan kebutuhan rutin manusia. Ikan merupakan salah satu penyedia giji bagi manusia karena di dalam ikan banyak mengandung protein yang berguna bagi tubuh manusia.
dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang semakin meningkat maka kebutuhan akan ikan pun semakin meningkat.

Untuk mencukupi akan kebutuhan tersebut kita tidak hanya mengandalkan produksi ikan dari hasil tangkapan saja, karena bila terus mengandalan produksi dari hasil tangkapan akan kemungkinan terjadi overfishing apalagi kalau penangkapan ikan yang tidak terkendalikan. untuk mencukupi kebutuhan akan ikan maka kita perlu meningkatkan usaha budidaya ikan, baik usaha budidaya ikan di kolam, sawah, tambak, dan lainya.
dalam usaha budidaya tidak selamanya berjalan mulus dan sering menemui kendala. maka dari itu di bawah akan kami sebutkan beberapa kunci keberhasilan dalam berbudidaya ikan. yaitu sebagai berikut :

1. pemilihan lokasi budidaya yang tepat
sumber air yang cukup dan tersedia sepanjang tahun, kemiringan areal kolam yang baik sehingga memudahkan dalam proses pemasukan dan pembuangan air kolam.

2. lokasi jauh dari sumber pencemaran atau limbah
bila sumber air kolam tercemar maka akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas air, sehingga ikan tumbuh kurang baik.

3. akses ke lokasi perkolaman mudah.
areal kolam mudah untuk dikunjungi, hal ini menyangkut pada kemudahan dalam pemasaran ikan.

4. tehnik budidaya ikan perlu dikuasai
perlu menguasai cara berbudidaya ikan, menyangkut tehnik pemeliharaan ikan, tehnik hama penyakit ikan, tehnik kualitas air, tehnik konstruksi.

5. manajemen pegawai
pengaturan manajemen pegawai perlu dikuasai, hal ini berkaitan dengan profesionalitas pegawai.

6. akses pemasaran
pasar tidak jauh dari lokasi budidaya, memperhatikan kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar.

memelihara ikan bersama padi (mina padi)

Posted: 26 Feb 2010 06:00 PM PST



memelihara ikan bersama padi (mina padi)

pemeliharaan ikan sekarang tidak hanya dilakukan pada kolam tetapi kita bisa memelihara ikan bersama padi atau yang sering kita sebut minapadi, mina padi merupakan suatu jenis cabang usaha budidaya ikan yang bisa memberikan konstribusi terhadap jumlah produksi ikan di negara kita. Jenis ikan yang sering dibudidayakan pada minapadi yaitu : ikan mas, nila, nilem, tawes, tambakan.
kegiatan usaha budidaya pada minapadi ini terbanyak pada kegiatan pemeliharaan benih. Ukuran benih biasanya cocok diberikan dengan pakan alami, dan di sawah banyak terkandung pakan alami, baik fithoplankton atau zooplankton.
kegiatan budidaya mina padi mempunyai dua keuntungan, pertama kita bisa memanen padi dan kedua kita bisa memanen ikan.
kelemahan yang sering terjadi pada usaha budidaya ikan bersama padi yaitu, sering terjadi serangan hama predator seperti lingsang, ular ataupun biawak. untuk mengatasi hama predator ini maka disekitar keliling sawah kita perlu memasang pagar pengaman khususnya pada titik-titik rawan.

Doctor, Your 2/27/2010 FTLTD Blog Digest

 

 

Devoted to you and your canine companion as well as all dogs, you'll find current dog news, canine advocacy, health, welfare, food & nutrition, wonderful writings and poetry, videos and even dog humor.

Baltic's Harrowing Adventure
 2010-01-30 20:28:21-05

How this little German Shepherd mix got stuck on an ice floe adrift on the Baltic sea is not known.  But what we do know is that the crew of the Sea Fisheries Institute in Poland quickly snatched this boy from what could have been a lonely, freezing, and horrible death.  Just this past Monday, [...]

Read more...
 

Rescue Ink on the Trail of a Dog Killer
 2010-01-31 19:38:17-05

Back in October 2009, two dogs named Emma and Luna were shot execution style, and deliberately positioned tail to tail next to railroad tracks in Pennsbury Township, PA a few miles from their home.   This case has been a frustrating one for the Chester County, PA SPCA.  After three long months of following leads with [...]

Read more...
 

The Top Dogs of Super Bowl XLIV
 2010-02-07 10:52:13-05

It's Super Bowl Sunday!   It's the second biggest eating day of the year with parties galore, multi-million dollar commercials shown exclusively for the game, and this year's half-time act is The Who.  Even those like me who don't know the difference between a touchdown and a field goal, will be watching the game on TV. 

But [...]

Read more...
 

Wow! That is one Armored Dog!
 2010-02-12 21:52:05-05

Working dogs for the Vancouver Winter Games are being outfitted with some uber-protection gear that can protect against bullets, Molotov cocktails, and a variety of knife blades.   These canine vests also contain  a wireless camera, speakers and an integrated microphone that allow the dog’s handler to see and issue commands via an integrated audio system.  Packed [...]

Read more...
 

River's Rescue
 2010-02-13 21:30:27-05

River, the elusive, vagabond dog we reported previously has been rescued.  The cagey little pup gave up life on the run and is now safe and sound.  She will be examined by a vet and a permanent home will be sought for her.  She certainly gave residents out near Tucson's Riliato River a run for [...]

Read more...
 

The Original Fido
 2010-02-15 09:35:41-05

Happy Presidents Day!  We have another "presidential" dog here.  A mixed breed that belonged to Abraham Lincoln. 

Abraham Lincoln is consistently considered by scholars the greatest U.S. President.  He led our country through the American Civil War, ended slavery, and declared Thanksgiving a Holiday!  But he can also be considered America's first true Animal Rescuer.  Abraham Lincoln was a sensitive [...]

Read more...
 

No justice for Sire. The puppy punched and killed by Bobby Loggins.
 2010-02-16 08:31:39-05

Bobby Loggins, who last summer, punched his five-month-old American Bulldog 30 times in the face – killing it, has been convicted of Animal Torture.  In Iowa, Animal Torture is an aggravated misdemeanor that carries a sentence of up to two years in prison.  Just this past Friday, Judge Gary E. Wenell sentenced Bobby Loggins to 365 [...]

Read more...
 

Arrest made in the Starved Dog case from Fort Bliss
 2010-02-25 20:49:30-05

This here is Heather O'Kelley, the *friend* of the Fort Bliss family who trusted her with Sadie.   Heather O'Kelley was arrested on charges of animal cruelty on February 3rd.  When these idiots are caught, I can tell you verbatim what they say.  And O'Kelley sung the age, old tune.  "I'm innocent.  Sadie wasn't my dog.  [...]

Read more...
 

Finally! Miles Thomas and Baron back together!
 2010-02-26 21:45:43-05

After seven long months of legal wrangling, egos, and judicial reprimands, Miles Thomas has been reunited with his dog, Baron.  It took a mediated session last month by Magistrate Judge Martin C. Carlson Thomas to finally end the legal stalemate. Officially, Miles Thomas and the Humane Society of Harrisburg Area Inc. have agreed to a [...]

Read more...
 

Woman Throws a Puppy into Oncoming Traffic
 2010-02-27 09:55:59-05

Good Lord.  Just when you think you've seen and heard it all, something comes along and smacks you right in the face.  Today it's lovely POS,  Danielle Graham.  Just this past Wednesday, 21-year-old Danielle Graham got mad at her boyfriend and threw his puppy into oncoming traffic.  The dog, a 3-month-old pit bull named Gucci, [...]

Read more...
 


 
   About

Deanna Raeke

Deanna Raeke
Dog Lover & Proud Pet Parent

I am passionate when it comes to my canine companions as well as dogs everywhere. It is my mission to raise awareness of any issues that affect them, from their health, food and nutrition and training to their welfare. Canine advocacy is something that everyone who cares about dogs needs to be aware of and we all need to share that and raise our voice for those who cannot speak for themselves.

For the Love of the Dog is my small effort to do that.
Please, won't you help me!
 
 
 


4590 138th Street, Chippewa Falls, WI 54729, USA

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Friday, February 26, 2010

BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN


Budidaya Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio)

Posted: 26 Feb 2010 04:59 AM PST


Budidaya Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio)
Penulis : Admin

Ikan Koi termasuk ke dalam golongan ikan carp (karper). Harga Koi sangat ditentukan berdasarkan bentuk badan dan kualitas tampilan warna. Ikan koi pertama kali dikenal pada dinasti Chin tahun 265 dan 316 Masehi. Koi dengan keindahan warna dan tingkah laku seperti yang kita ketahui saat ini, mulai dikembangkan di Jepang 200 tahun yang lalu di pegunungan Niigata oleh petani Yamakoshi. Pemuliaan yang dilakukan bertahun-tahun menghasilkan garis keturunan yang menjadi standar penilaian koi. Beberapa varietas yang tersebar ke seluruh dunia digolongkan Asosiasi Koi Jepang (en Nippon Airinkai) menjadi 13 kelompok antara lain: Bekko, Utsurinomo, Asagi-Shusui, Goromo, Kawarimono, Ogon dan Hikari-moyomono. Sedangkan 5 golongan utama yaitu Kohaku, Sanke, Showa, Hirarinuji dan Kawarigoi.
Taksonomi koi adalah sebagai berikut:
Philum : Chordata
Kelas : Actinopterygii
Ordo : Cyprinoformes
Famili : Cyprinidae
Genus : Cyprinus
Spesies: Carpio
Nilai koi tergantung dari ukuran, bentuk serta keseimbangan pola dan intensitas warna kulit. Koi terbaik adalah yang memiliki intensitas, keseimbangan dan kejernihan warna terbaik. Membeli koi kecil sebaiknya dipilih yang memiliki kepala terbesar, biasanya akan tumbuh menjadi ikan dengan tubuh besar. Bentuk yang paling baik adalah seperti "torpedo".

1. Pemilihan lokasi & konstruksi wadah
Ikan koi secara alami hidup di air deras sehingga membutuhkan air jernih dan berkadar oksigen tinggi. Pemeliharaan ikan koi yang terbaik adalah di kolam sehingga mudah mendapatkan makanan alami dan sinar matahari untuk merangsang pewarnaan tubuh. Kolam sebagian dinaungai karena sinar matahari yang terlalu banyak menyebabkan suhu air kolam meningkat dan air kolam menjadi keruh akibat blooming fitoplankton.
Koi berukuran kecil dapat ditempatkan di akuarium, walaupun ini tidak dapat menjadi habitat permanen. Bila dipelihara dalam kelompok, koi akan belajar untuk tidak mengganggu ikan yang berukuran sama, tetapi memakan ikan yang lebih kecil. Koi suka menggali dasar kolam sehingga menyebabkan akar tanaman rusak.
selengkapnya.................................

sumber : http://www.perikanan-budidaya.dkp.go.id

TEKNIK PRODUKSI INDUK BETINA IKAN NILA

Posted: 25 Feb 2010 07:04 PM PST


TEKNIK PRODUKSI INDUK BETINA IKAN NILA
T. Yuniarti, Sofi Hanif, Teguh Prayoga, Suroso


Abstrak
Dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan induk betina sebagai pasangan dari induk jantan YY , maka
diperlukan suatu teknologi untuk memproduksi induk nila tunggal kelamin betina. Tahap pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah produksi induk jantan XX. Populasi induk jantan XX jika dikawinkan dengan betina (XX) maka akan diperoleh keturunan tunggal kelamin betina (monosex).

Pada tahun 2006, tahapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan produksi induk betina ikan nila ini adalah tahap uji keturunan terhadap induk jantan fungsional (XX). Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan induk jantan XX hasil verivikasi.

Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 38 ekor induk jantan fungsinonal (XX), ternyata hanya menghasilkan 2 ekor induk jantan XX. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari persentase keturunan betina >95% hanya ada 2 ekor yaitu induk dengan kode 460041352B dan 460966737A.
Kata kunci: Tilapia, Breeding Programme, Sex reversal, all- female progeny



PENDAHULUAN

Latar belakang
Di dalam budidaya ikan nila dewasa ini banyak
dikembangkan berbagai teknologi dalam rangka
peningkatan mutu induk ikan nila. Hal ini disebabkan
pada saat ini telah banyak terjadi penurunan kualitas
induk ikan nila. Oleh karena itu kebutuhan induk
bermutu sangat diharapkan dalam rangka memperoleh
benih yang berkualitas.

Pada umumnya populasi induk betina yang
dihasilkan secara alami terbatas (1 betina: 2 jantan),
sedangkan kebutuhan induk betina dalam satu paket
lebih banyak dari jantan (3 betina : 1 jantan), maka
diperlukan suatu teknologi untuk menghasilkan
populasi tunggal kelamin betina. Dalam rangka upaya
untuk menghasilkan populasi induk betina sebagai
pasangan induk ikan nila GESIT, maka dilakukan
rekayasa teknologi untuk memperoleh induk jantan
fungsional XX.

Induk jantan fungsional yang secara
genetis mempunyai kromosom XX ini, apabila
dikawinkan dengan betina normal (XX), maka akan
memperoleh keturunan semua betina. Dengan
demikian upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan akan induk
betina akan lebih cepat.

Tahapan yang pertama kali harus dilakukan
adalah membuat induk jantan fungsional yaitu induk
jantan yang mempunyai kromosom XX. Pembuatan
induk jantan fungsional dapat dilakukan dengan
pemberian pakan yang mengandung hormon 17α methyltestosteron selama masa diferensiasi kelamin pada ikan nila. Waktu diferensiasi kelamin pada ikan
nila terjadi pada saat larva umur 6-7 hari setelah
menetas sampai sekitar umur 27-28 hari setelah
menetas. Selanjutnya larva hasil sex reversal
dipelihara sampai induk untuk dapat dilakukan
verivikasi. Verivikasi untuk mendapatkan induk
jantan XX ini dilakukan dengan uji keturunan
(progeny test).

Tujuan dan Target

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk:
1. Memproduksi induk jantan fungsional XX
2. Menguji populasi induk jantan fungsional yaitu
induk jantan yang mengandung kromosom
dengan cara melakukan uji keturunan.


METODOLOGI

Waktu dan Tempat
Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-
Desember 2006 di Balai Besar Pengembangan
Budidaya Air Tawar Sukabumi

Bahan dan Alat
Bahan
Bahan yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah
sebagai berikut :
1. Induk jantan fungsional (XX) sebanyak
39 ekor
2. Induk betina sebanyak 108 ekor
3. Pakan induk
4. Pakan benih
5. Pakan larva
6. Pewarna eosin/asetokarmin
7. Methylene blue

Alat
Sedangkan alat yang digunakan dalam kegiatan
ini adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Bak pemijahan ukuran 2 x 1 m sebanyak 13buah
2. Akuarium tempat penetasan telur
3. Hapa hijau ukuran 2 x 2 x 1 m untuk tempat
pendederan PI
4. Hapa hitam ukuran 2 x 2 x 1 m untuk tempat
pendederan PI
5. Alat perikanan (scoopnet, ember, lambit,
jolang dan lain-lain)
6. Alat penetasan telur (saringan , water heater,
batu aerasi dan lain-lain)
7. Mikrochip dan detector reader
8. Alat bedah (gunting, pinset, pisau)
9. Mikroskop beserta peralatannya


Metode
Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini
adalah dengan melakukan uji keturunan benih hasil
pemijahan antara jantan fungsional (XX) dengan
betina normal (XX).


Prosedur kerja
Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah sebagai
berikut:
Pematangan Induk
- Induk jantan JICA diduga XX dan betina normal
dimatangkan dalam bak yang terpisah
- Pematangan dilakukan selama 2 minggu
- Selama pematangan, dilakukan pemberian pakan
dengan dosis 3%/ berat biomas per hari
Pemijahan
- Pemijahan dapat dilakukan bak ukuran 2x1m
- Pemijahan dilakukan dengan perbandingan
jantan dan betina 1 : 3
- Selama pemijahan dilakukan pemberian pakan 3
kali sehari dengan dosis 5% bobot biomassa
- Telur yang dipanen, ditetaskan di akuarium,
sedangkan larva dipelihara di kolam, bak atau
hapa dalam kolam sebagai tempat pemeliharaan
Penetasan Telur
- Telur yang telah dipanen di tetaskan di dalam
akuarium
- Akuarium tempat penetasan dilengkapi dengan
water heater untuk menjaga suhu optimum 28-30°C.
- Tempat penetasan telur menggunakan saringan
dengan jumlah telur per saringan maksimal 2000
butir
- Media tempat penetasan di beri Methylene blue
untuk mencegah timbulnya jamur
Pendederan
- Menebarkan larva ke dalam hapa dengan padat
tebar 200 ekor/m2. Padat tebar benih untuk
pendederan II adalah 100 ekor/m2.
- Memberikan pakan selama pendederan I dan II
dosis masing-masing 20%, 10% bobot biomass
per hari dengan frekuensi tiga kali.
- Setelah benih mencapai ukuran 5-8 cm,
dilakukan pemeriksaan gonad secara
mikroskopik


Pengamatan Gonad

Pengambilan Jaringan Gonad Ikan Sampel
a. Membunuh ikan sampel dengan cara
menusukkan jarum bedah pada kepala mengenai
otak
b. Membedah ikan sampel menggunakan gunting
bedah mulai dari anus ke arah vertebrae-kepaladada.
c. Mengambil gonad ikan sampel yang berada di
bawah vertebrae menggunakan pinset/penjepit
d. Meletakkan jaringan gonad di atas gelas obyek
e. Mencacah jaringan gonad dengan menggunakan
pisau bedah
Pewarnaan dan Pengamatan Jaringan Gonad
a. Meneteskan satu tetes larutan aceto-carmine di
atas cacahan jaringan gonad
b. Membiarkan proses pewarnaan jaringan gonad
sekitar 1 menit
c. Menutup jaringan gonad hasil pewarnaan dengan
gelas penutup
d. Mengamati hasil pewarnaan di bawah mikroskop
dengan pembesaran 100 kali.


HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
Hasil

Kegiatan teknik produksi induk betina ikan nila
yang dilakukan pada tahun 2006 adalah tahap uji
keturunan (progeny test) induk nila hasil sex reversal.
Induk nila jantan fungsional (XX) didapatkan dengan
pemberian hormon 17∝ Methyltestosteron pada masa
diferensiasi kelamin.

Proses pembentukan induk ikan nila jantan
fungsional (XX) telah dilakukan di BBAT Jambi pada
ikan nila strain JICA. Selanjutnya pada tahun 2005,
induk tersebut didatangkan ke BBPBAT Sukabumi
sebanyak 39 ekor untuk dilakukan uji keturunan.
Progeny test dilakukan dengan mengawinkan
satu per satu induk nila jantan fungsional (XX)
dengan 3 ekor betina normal. Dari 39 ekor induk yang
dilakukan progeny test, hanya 38 ekor yang dapat
menghasilkan keturunan. Keturunan dari 38 ekor
induk jantan XX kemudian dipelihara sampai ukuran
5-8 cm dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan gonad.
Data hasil pengamatan gonad terhadap benih
keturunan induk jantan diduga XX disajikan dalam

Tabel 1.
Dari Tabel 1 dapat dilihat bahwa dari 38 ekor
induk jantan hasil sex reversal, ternyata hanya
menghasilkan 2 ekor induk jantan XX. Hal ini dapat
terlihat dari persentase keturunan betina >95% hanya
ada 2 ekor yaitu induk dengan kode 460041352B dan
460966737A.

Pembahasan
Kegiatan teknik produksi induk betina ikan nila
bertujuan untuk memproduksi induk betina secara
massal dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan induk
betina ikan nila. Dalam pemijahan ikan nila, biasanya
mengunakan standar rasio jantan : betina adalah 1 : 3,
sedangkan pada pemijahan biasa, rasio kelamin
jantan : betina sekitar 60 : 40. Hal ini menyebabkan
kebutuhan induk betina lebih banyak dibandingkan
jantan.
Tahap pertama yang harus dilakukan untuk dapat
memproduksi induk nila tunggal kelamin betina
adalah dengan pembuatan jantan fungsional (yang
mengandung kromosom XX). Selanjutnya apabila
sudah mendapatkan induk jantan XX dalam jumlah
banyak, maka tahap selanjutnya adalah mengawinkan
induk jantan XX tersebut dengan betina. Dari hasil
perkawinan tersebut, maka akan diperoleh keturunan
tunggal kelamin betina (monoseks betina).

Dari 38 ekor induk jantan hasil sex reversal,
ternyata hanya dapat menghasilkan 2 ekor induk
jantan XX. Hasil uji keturunan terhadap induk jantan
hasil sex reversal menunjukkan bahwa tingkat
keberhasilan dari sex reversal masih sangat rendah.
Kemungkinan hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor
yang tidak tepat pada saat pemberian hormon.
Tingkat keberhasilan sex reversal sangat tergantung
dari efektifitas pemberian hormon 17∝Methyltestosteron. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat
mempengaruhi efektifitas pemberian hormon ini,
diantaranya adalah : jenis hormon, dosis hormon,
waktu diferensiasi kelamin, metode pemberian
hormon dan suhu.


KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa dari
38 ekor induk nila jantan diduga XX hanya
menghasilkan 2 ekor induk jantan XX.

Saran
Dari hasil kegiatan ini disarankan untuk dapat
memperbanyak induk nila jantan XX, dikarenakan
jumlah induk jantan XX yang ada baru 2 ekor.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Dunham, Rex.A. 2004. Aquaculture and Fisheries
Biotecnology.Genetic Approachs. Departement
of Fisheries and Allied Aquaculture. Auburn
University. Alabama, USA
Effendi, Irzal. 2004. Pengantar Akuakultur. Penebar
Swadaya. Jakarta.
Maskur, S. Hanif, A. Sucipto, D.I. Handayani, dan T.
Yuniarti. 2004. Protokol Pemuliaan (Genetic
Improvement) Ikan Nila. Pusat Pengembangan
Induk Ikan Nila Nasional. BBPBAT,
Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya,
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Pillay, T. V. R and M. N. Kutty. 2005. Aquaculture
Principles and Practices. Second edition.
Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Potts, G. W and R. J. Wootton. 1984. Fish
Reproduction . Strategies and Tactics. Academic
Press Inc.

sumber : http://www.dkp.go.id

Fish Health in Hot Summer Heat

Posted: 25 Feb 2010 09:09 AM PST


Fish Health in Hot Summer Heat
by: Brett Fogle


Summer is over, but for many of us - the heat remains. Here a couple of things to do to keep your fish healthy and your pond clear going into winter. First, remember to keep your pond well aerated. This is very important to your fish because the pond water actually holds less oxygen at higher pond temperatures. So if it's still hot in your part of the country, keep those waterfalls and fountains running! This will keep your pond water full of oxygen, and reduce stress on your fish.

If you see your goldfish or KOI gasping at the surface, it's a good sign that you don't have enough dissolved oxygen in the water, and this can be dangerous. Especially if you have a lot of green water algae in the pond. This algae can absorb much of the oxygen in the pond water at night and cause very low dissolved oxygen levels during the day - which can be deadly to fish!

One thing we recommend this time of year, is to do a partial water change. Drain off 10 - 25% of your total pond volume, and replace it with fresh, new dechlorinated water. If possible, vacuum or drain decaying organic matter and debris off the bottom to reduce the ponds bio-load.

Your fish will usually be vibrant and playful after a water change. It's like giving them a 'breath of fresh air' and invigorates them. Again, we only recommend a 10 - 25% water change right now - but feel free to experiment with whatever works best for your pond.

Remember to re-add your pond salt whenever you drain and add new water. Having a salt water test kit is also helpful, or a digital salinity meter, to determine optimum salt levels.

Publishing Guidelines
You have permission to publish this article electronically or in print, free of charge, as long as the bylines are included. A courtesy copy of your publication would be appreciated.

About The Author

Brett Fogle is the owner of MacArthur Water Gardens and several pond-related websites including macarthurwatergardens.com and pond-filters-online.com. He also publishes a free monthly newsletter called PondStuff! with a reader circulation of over 6,000 pond owners. To sign up for the free newsletter and receive a complimentary 'New Pond Owners Guide' for joining, just visit MacArthur Water Gardens>

Anomali Ikan

Posted: 25 Feb 2010 08:42 AM PST


Anomali Ikan
Oleh : Soen'an H. Poernomo*

Bisnis ikan, jangan disamakan dengan dagang mebel atau baju. Kursi berukir di rumah mewah, harganya berlipat, dibanding dengan kayu gelondongan sebelum disentuh oleh tukang ukir dari Jepara. Baju kebaya yang dikenakan Ratih Sanggarwati, memiliki nilai tambah atau added value beribu kali, setelah digarap oleh perancang mode, bila dibanding saat berupa lembaran kain di Pasar Baru.

Ikan mentah, belum tentu memberikan nilai tambah setelah diolah. Ikan segar tidak selalu akan memperoleh harga yang lebih tinggi apabila dilakukan pengolahan. Ikan hidup jenis kerapu yang dibeli mahal oleh masyarakat Shanghai, justru akan berharga rendah apabila digarami menjadi ikan asin. Sashimi bluefin tuna akan bernilai murah apabila diolah sebagai ikan kaleng.

Kebanyakan ikan memiliki hierarchi harga tertinggi berupa ikan hidup, dan masih relatif tinggi berupa ikan segar. Di bawahnya adalah ikan superbeku (deep frozen) yang jaringan ototnya mirip ikan segar. Berikutnya adalah ikan beku, ikan kaleng, ikan pindnag, ikan asin, tepung ikan, terasi dan akhirnya untuk pupuk. Jadi seringkali mengolah ikan, bukan nilai tambah yang diperoleh, namun "nilai tombok" yang didapatkan. selengkapnya..............

sumber : http://www.dkp.go.id

Tropical Fish and its Aquarium Maintenance

Posted: 25 Feb 2010 07:57 AM PST


Tropical Fish and its Aquarium Maintenance
by: Low Jeremy

Tropical fish includes fish around the world living in tropical environments including salt water and fresh water species. They are popular fish in aquariums because of their bright colors. Tropical also refers to tropical climate wherein the climate is warm or moist all throughout the year integrated by abundant vegetation.

Aquarium is an enclosed clear-sided container made of high strength plastic or constructed glass for keeping or raising animals and plants for research and observation. The ecosystem of the species is copied on smaller scale controlling environmental factors.

Tropical fish being put in the aquarium should be properly taken care of by regular monitoring of the fish and aquarium conditions by checking the waters for bacteria, parasite or fungi occurrences. There are ways on how to determine if the tropical fish are sick.

- Fish scales inspection. Examine for any discoloration, growths or wounds. Scales that is missing is a fighting indication.

- Observation of the fish respiratory rates. Slower or faster rate than normal is a sign of problem.

- Fish eyes clarity checking. Blood or cloudiness should not be present.

- Observation of the fish abnormal behavior such as unusual swimming pattern or sluggishness.

- Veterinarian consultation for any fish abnormalities being observed.

Aquarium serves as the new habitat of your tropical fish so it should be maintained regularly. The procedures are easy protecting the fish and plants lives.

- Regular checking of the tank to ensure that dying or dead fish is not present.

- Observation of all the fish individually for behavioral patterns familiarization so that it is easier to determine a sick fish in the future.

- Feed your fish with one-day intervals using diet variations.

- Replace the evaporated water on the tank with dechlorinated water.

- Once a week, removed 5 to 10 percent of the tank water replacing it fresh dechlorinated water. Unwanted chemicals in the tank are diluted helping the tanks internal environment similar to tap water.

- Algae scraping from the walls of the tank done once a week.

- Filter pads checking every two weeks cleaning or replacing them if necessary.

- Water testing done every two weeks. Water change is done after one day.

- Ammonia, nitrate, pH levels or nitrite checking done every two weeks.

- Drain off the debris from the gravel done once a month.

Always keep track the chemical contents of your aquarium and schedule maintenance.

About The Author

Low Jeremy

This content is provided by Low Jeremy and may be used only in its entirety with all links included. If you should require any further information please go to http://aquarium.articlekeep.com