BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

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• Koi Carp and Breeding for Profit
• Pests and disease prevention in Lele Sangkuriang
• Bottleneck-oriented Business Management
• Good Reasons To Install Fish Tank Hoods!
• Cleavage stages of the cell.
• catfish farming
• Making Seaweed

Koi Carp and Breeding for Profit Posted: 03 Mar 2010 06:35 AM PST Koi Carp and Breeding for Profit by: Tim Warrington Koi are amazing animals. They have evolved originally from common carp and were originally thought of as throw backs. The koi world has grown massively and is continuing to grow at an unprecedented rate. Years ago if you heard of someone spending £1000 on a fish you may have fell over, in this day and age this is commonplace. Quick sum for you to get you interested. Each kilogram of female koi will produce approximately 200000 eggs if you hatch out 100000 eggs and grow the koi to 2-3" which takes approximately 120 days. You will end up with 100000 fish a value of 60p each trade. The cost of arriving at this point is approximately 10p per fish, you now have a profit of 50p per fish = £50000. I hear you ask "why doesn't everyone do it" Firstly is knowledge, you do need a good degree of knowledge to do this. Secondly is holding capacity you will need a large pool or recirculation system to achieve this. Thirdly, it is a risky business, one thing goes wrong with the system and you loose your entire batch of fish. So how do you start? This is a long process and I will post these in 10 parts of ezine. Part one. Easy Spawning When spring is in the air water temperature is at about 15-20 degrees you will notice your fish may go off there food. You may also notice three fish swimming like an arrow around the pool. This is two male fish and the female. The male in front will be looking for a place to spawn. This is the time you put in you brushes. The brushes are like a toilet brush but much softer. These brushes must be placed in the shallow water approx 6-10" deep. When the fish are ready they will start to thrash over the brushes this normally happens in early morning. After approximately one hour you will see the brushes are covered with eggs very tiny eggs. The eggs need to be moved to a separate tank or old bath or the parents will eat them. It is best to treat the eggs with malachite to prevent fungus a quick dip is fine as you don't want to starve the eggs of oxygen. The bath or tank must be setup to have running water the flow needs to be 5 liters per minute (very low) you can pump this directly from you pond if you wish. When the water arrives at the tank use an old bed sheet to filter the water. The water needs to be as clean as possible or the tiny little particles will stick in the baby koi gills causing slow growth and death. The eggs will take approx 3-4days to hatch, then the real fun begins Next article 18/10/06 About The Author My name is Tim Warrington i own a company called http://www.aquatico.co.uk , I have been successfully setting up and building koi farms for over 8 years. I built my last fish farm in the desert for food fish, I have bred all sorts of koi/fish and sold them for massive profit, I am here to share this with you in a 10 part series. budidaya ikan

Pests and disease prevention in Lele Sangkuriang Posted: 03 Mar 2010 06:29 AM PST Pests and disease prevention in Lele Sangkuriang Just like other fish, catfish sangkuriang not be separated from the threat of pests and diseases. Disease affecting sangkuriang catfish most often caused by environmental conditions that are less supportive, such as water quality (especially temperature) under standard or stress due to the fault handling sick fish. Meanwhile, the usual pests attacking sangkuriang catfish include snakes and eels, while organisms that attack pathogenic form Ichthiophthirius sp., Trichodina sp., Monogenea sp., And Dactylogyrus sp. Poverty entry of pests of seedlings can be done by providing a recommended insecticide when filling the pond water, clean the pond dikes, and put plastic around the pool. Pathogenic organisms prevention can be done with the cultivation of environmental management is good and a regular feeding and inadequate. Treatment can use drugs recommended. environmental management can be done by doing a good pond preparation. If you need to improve the condition of pool water by adding a probiotic material. Treatment of fish that have been stricken with the disease can be done by giving the drug in accordance with the type of illness. Sometimes, a disease that attacks would rub off. To prevent this, there are several steps that can be done rescue as follows. : - As soon as the fish catch and destroy the disease. - Immediately move the fish are still healthy condition to the other pool. Reduce solid stocking. - Do not throw water fish used to channel water sick. - Drain the pond that had been infected by the disease, then clean the bottom of the pool of mud and organic ingredients. After that Do Calcification using agricultural lime (CaO) with a dose of 1 kg / 5 m2. Drying is done until the bottom cracks crack ¬-lime and stocking done equally, including in the dike. - Recharge your new water into the pond periodically. - Equipment and containers of fish caught must be kept so as not contaminated with the disease. Likewise with our hands, should be disinfected by washing them in a solution of PK. Disinfection of instruments made by dipping into a solution of potassium permanganate (PK) 20 ppm (1 g in 50 liters of water) or 0.5 ppm chlorine solution (0.5 g in 1 m3 of water). - Provide a highly nutritious feed and increase the fish immune system by providing vitamins. Source: Khairul Amri, S. Pi, M. Si and Khairuman, SP Agromedia Pustaka, 2008 budidaya ikan

Bottleneck-oriented Business Management Posted: 03 Mar 2010 05:36 AM PST Bottleneck-oriented Business Management by: Stephan Szugat Simple and effective Business Management In every enterprise there are, at every time, one or more bottlenecks, which have influence to the commercial situation. Bottleneck-oriented business management has the purpose to early track the bottlenecks and to remove them, to allow an optimum of commercial development. To know at any time, what a business lacks of and to be able to add the missing things, is today a determining competition advantage. Bottlenecks can be, e.g.: low sales proceeds high due or overdue accounts receivables low liquidity (Cash on Hand, etc.) high amount of liabilities low number of customers too many new customers too high capacity utilization defective administration or management and a lot more. These example show that bottlenecks not only concern negative circumstances, but also can apply to positive commercial development. If an enterprise takes up many new customers, this results in new orders, which lead to other circumstances, like a possible excess in capacity utilization. In case the excess of capacity utilization stays for a longer time, this may result in a lower employee motivation, because of a slump in working atmosphere within the company, which then could lead to less qualtiy of the work performed. Due to a TIMELY reporting system many companies take care of reaching the desired commercial development. However, a regular analysis of expenses or the annual reports are not enough to control a business today. In the today's dynamic markets these evaluations are too statical, too much oriented on the past commercial development, which had been achieved. Also cost accounting only shows what has happened in the past. The actual direction in which a business is running could not be seen. Imagine a business to be a car. If you sat down in a car, do you like to receive information from the instruments from the last year or month? Probably not. You would like to have actual information about fuel tank content, coolant temperature and a lot more. Bottleneck-oriented business management should exactly bring the most important and actual information about a business to you, including so-called early warning signals (Screenshot abenetis ERS-Diagram). Data oriented to the past for early-warning-systems? A working early-warning-system needs data which are not oriented to the past, like from cost accounting or year-/month-end-closeings. It needs data from so-called early indicators, which has to be gathered from different areas of an enterprise. Of course, figures from the finance and accounting department belong into an early-warning-system, but they only have a subordinated role, because they are oriented to the past. Nowadays the reporting must show the present situation of a business. In many businesses the expenditure of time for the reporting rose considerably, due to the today's flood of information. Aggravatingly added to this, is the selection of the really relevant business ratios, which allow an appropriate overview of the actual business situation. Too often reports are prepared, which are not perceived by anybody, due to the lack of necessary statements about the business development. There are already proven business-ratio-systems, that enterprises only need to take over. Get back into the car again, imagine you have only one instrument in front of you, which shows the value "35". What does this signify? It is not recognizable how many fuel exists, how the Temperature of the coolant is or how fast the car is driving, etc. At this example you could recognize the little expressiveness of only one business ratio. It shows the importance to use the right business ratios, which must have a connection to each other and which have a different temporal origin. Nevertheless, many business ratio systems are mostly based on data which originate from the past. This turns often to the problem, that immediate information are not available, to indicate the actual situation of a business. However, there is still the alternative, to reduce the period of the past. How would it be with one week instead of analysing business data every 4 weeks? This would lead to the fact that you could act a few weeks earlier, if something should run a little bit inclinedly. Only very few data are needed to receive an informative evaluation. This again is comparably with a car. If you are driving with your car, you only receive a small, well-chosen number of information and nevertheless, have an actual picture of the situation. This is also possible for businesses, as well! As a motorist we receive only one fraction of the data which is acquired by the system of the car, and just these fraction of information is enough for us to reach the desired destination. When traveling usually we are well prepared, but the principle of the preparations is often neglected in business operation. As it is with traveling, the final goal has to be clearly stated by the business management. This could be done by having planing data available. Only by target/actual comparison divergences of the commercial development will be recognized. Unfortunately, many small businesses renounce to use plan data. Besides, it is not about, to cut plan data into the smallest pieces, but only to get a rough picture, what the business is going to achieve. It is absolutely possible to run a business on the basis of the figures from the previous year, however, to use these figures, the past commercial development should be taken into consideration. So the figures from the previous year should be improved to fit with the new goals. And finished are the planning data and the basis for an operational risk management are laid. Still if it is most important to know the actual bottlenecks in business operation. Recognize problems and act! One of the most important factors in business management is the early recognition of problems and potentials. There are bottlenecks in every business, which could have serious results. Pecuniary difficulties could lead to bankruptcy for example. Therefore symptoms must be recognized early, in order to turn a possible crisis away and to secure the future of your business. Also to use available potentials, regular analyses should be done. Nowadays products and services could not be sold forever, because product cycles become shorter and shorter due to market dynamism. The recognition and development of potentials is exceptionally important, to avoid losing the already achieved basis of a business. About the author: Stephan Szugat is founder of abenetis a web-based service about Business Management Solutions focusing on the core needs of business management. This includes operational and strategic analysis especially Early-Recognition-Systems, Knowledge-Management and other Services for small and mid-sized businesses. He has approx. 15 years experience in the Finance and Accounting Area from companies of different size and from various industries. http://www.abenetis.com budidaya ikan

Good Reasons To Install Fish Tank Hoods! Posted: 03 Mar 2010 01:18 AM PST Good Reasons To Install Fish Tank Hoods! by: Joe Slavin By going one stage further, and adding fish tank hoods to your fish tanks, is a wise move and will be immensely beneficial to your fish. The hoods create a safer environment, blocks any attempts of fish from jumping from the aquariums, helps to maintain a constant temperature, prohibit the water evaporating and makes an excellent place to connect your lights up in. With the introduction of aquarium hoods, it will simplify the tank upkeep, establish a more suitable zone for your fish and bestow you with a much improved spectacle. Fish can be prone to assault from other animals in the home and in turn will traumatise them whether or not they do come through the assault. The looming figure of and the peering eyes of some giant cat about to scrape you from your home is not what any pet fish desires. Not only other animals, but your neighbours cute little kid, paying a visit, in an act of kindness feeds your fish with pieces of pizza, chocolate cake and other water fouling goodies. Many types of fish will periodically leap from the tank which is alright if they land back in the tank. If the jumping fish go in the wrong direction, heaven knows where they will finish up. Well we all know about fish out of water, and further strengthens the argument about using fish tank hoods. An aquarium tank without a hood allows water temperature to rise and fall and won't be the idyllic aquarium ecosystem. This is particularly so for tropical fish. In many instances the temperature of your room will be different from daytime to nighttime and summer to winter. Water evaporating can be eradicated with the addition of an aquarium hood. This can be a nuisance having to top up the tank periodically. The benefits of lights is a major factor in being able to show the fish tank in all it's glory. A fish tank hood will provide the most appropriate place to house the lighting tubes. This creates a beautiful effect in muted lighting, the light shining down through the water. All plantation that you have in place in your fish tank will derive benefits with the added light. If you add together the amount you have spent on fish tanks plus the livestock and plants etc. The extra spent on fish tank hoods may prove to be the wisest decision you will make. As well as the advantages of a safer habitat for your marine creatures and producing a better show, another major element would be contentment knowing your fish to be safe, and arguably could be the most advantageous. About The Author See a variety of fish tank hoods and other aquarium merchandise including, custom made aquarium with custom made aquarium cabinet to match and more at http://petsuppliesfish.co.uk/custom-aquarium-cabinets-and-hoods-13/custom-aquarium-hoods-32 budidaya ikan

Cleavage stages of the cell. Posted: 02 Mar 2010 09:29 PM PST Cleavage stages of the cell. Gene is the elementary unit of the properties are derived in all chromosomes. In fish and other Vertebrate, each chromosome known to contain hundreds or even thousands of genes. Gene as the smallest unit, the host of the nature of the kromonemata descendants of the core parts of the chromosome. At the time of cell division, chromosomes are divided but joined this division depends on the kind of pembelahannya. Cell division there are two kinds, namely mitotic division and meiosis. Found in mitotic somatic cells, where the division is the number of chromosomes there is no change that is still 2n or diploid. While on the meiotic division in gamete formation of chromosome number is reduced by half or n (haploid) (Fig. 18). According to the processes that occur during cleavage, can be classified into stages, as follows: Prophase : In the core there is a formation of a complex structure that looks like yarn. At the beginning of this stage were two kronemata but ultimately lost or kronemata is not visible. Metaphase : Chromosomes line up at the cell equator. Anaphase : Chromosomes split lengthwise into two parts. Each containing one kromonemata. Then each part of the chromosome that has been cut to move toward one pole of the cell and ultimately in a single cell to form two sets of chromosomes as the porphase stage. Telophase : Each chromosome is returned to the metabolic condition. Re-formed the core wall surrounding the new core. Eventually formed two identical daughter cells with stem cells. source: M. Ichsan Effendie, 1997 budidaya ikan

catfish farming Posted: 02 Mar 2010 08:48 AM PST catfish farming Pool catfish spawning is made of walls. Catfish can live in water conditions that are less good, although the water is stagnant / not running this catfish can live long enough given the feed. Catfish can live on less oxygen conditions because the fish have additional respirator maze, which can take oxygen directly into the pool water surface. Thus catfish is one type of fish is easily cultivated in both rural and urban environments. For those who do not have the vast land to preserve the fish, the catfish to maintain an appropriate choice to be his pet fish in yard, in an effort to improve society and increase giji family income. budidaya ikan

Making Seaweed Posted: 02 Mar 2010 08:35 AM PST Making Seaweed 1. Seaweed in the form of a solid start by destroying the sea grass until smooth. The goal, in order of destruction of bacteria in the fermentation process can work optimally. In addition, the compounds of lactose (sugar compounds) can be easily integrated; 2. All fertilizer materials were mixed sea and put into containers such as drums, plastic, or a place that allows the process fermenatasi airtight; 3. Optimal fermentation time to create a solid seaweed fertilizer was about two weeks; 4. In addition to fertilizers, there is also a liquid seaweed fertilizer, raw materials needed to make a liquid fertilizer did not differ with solid fertilizers; 5. The difference only lies in the manufacturing process and the length of time fermentas. Liquid seaweed fertilizer requires the addition of water with immersion time of five days of fermentation. Source: Koran Jakarta, January 18 2010.Hal.22 budidaya ikan

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