BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN |
| Posted: 12 Feb 2010 08:33 AM PST
Various types of seaweed that are considered not to have economic value it can be used as a raw material of organic fertilizer. Nutrient content of micro-and makronya higher than urea. The ocean held so many biological resources that high sales value. In addition to various kinds of fish, other marine wealth for the benefit of mankind is seaweed. During this, a lot of seaweed used as food ingredients, such as jelly or jelly, bread, salads, sauces, and ice cream. Besides food, marine plants, including the Ganga family that can be processed into beverages such as yogurt and syrup. Seaweed is also used to be extracted for pharmaceutical raw materials, cosmetics, and fuel. Therefore, do not be surprised if a certain type of seaweed is cultivated for many industrial supplies. According to lead researcher of marine natural products from Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Rachmaniar Rachmat, there are several types of seaweed high economic value and many cultivated in Indonesia. Some are Eucheuma, Gracilaria, and Microphylum. There are more than 600 species of seaweed scattered in Indonesian waters. -Spesien species of seaweed were classified into four classes, namely (red algae Rhodophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyceae), and blue-green algae [Cyanophyceae). Unfortunately, most of the seaweed that has not been studied in more depth about the content of substance-zatnya. As a result, the types of seaweed was considered to have low economic value. Rachmaniar said most of the seaweed was less prospective wild life in the waters of East Indonesia, particularly around the island of Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua. The amount of seaweed that are considered a low economic value that is likely to be fertilizers containing macro nutrients and micro high enough. It can be proved from the existence of waste piles of seaweed on the surrounding environment utilizing industry resources that sea vegetable. In the waste piles of seaweed that have been decaying weeds that usually grow or plant variety. "It's an indication of seaweed contain compounds that are beneficial to plants," said Rachmaniar who also became the Executive Secretary of the Association of Indonesian Seaweed. Since the industrial waste, piles of seaweed that was contaminated with various chemicals. As a result, the content of the resulting fertilizer had helped contaminated. Based on this possibility ditelitilah make fertilizer from seaweed that is free from chemicals. Seaweed seaweed used is considered low value ekoriomi. Based on the results of research known Rachmaniar seaweed Turbinaria species and has Sargasum macro nutrients and micro-full enough. Nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. While micro-nutrient elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molibden, boron, and chlorine. "The elements contained in the seaweed fertilizer is more than the sale of urea fertilizer on the market," claims Rachmaniar. Furthermore, explain Rachmaniar seaweed fertilizer in solid form begins with destroying sea grass until smooth. The goal, in order of destruction of bacteria in the fermentation process can work optimally. In addition, compounds laktosan (sugar compounds) can be easily merged. All the raw materials of seaweed fertilizer is mixed and put into containers such as drums, plastic, or a place that allows the process of fermentation airtight. If during fermentation is air, then the fertilizer manufacturing process will fail. Optimal fermentation time to create a solid seaweed fertilizer was about two weeks. After that, the fertilizer can be applied to vegetables, fruits, and flowers. In addition to solid fertilizers, there is also a liquid seaweed fertilizer. Raw materials needed to make liquid fertilizer did not differ with the solid fertilizer. The difference only lies in the manufacturing process and the length of fermentation time. Liquid seaweed fertilizer requires the addition of water with fermentation time for five days. More Fertile Rachmaniar presented based on test results between good seaweed fertilizer solid, liquid, or a mixture of both the urea plant conditions known to use seaweed fertilizer is more fertile. In the trial of seaweed fertilizer spraying was conducted twice during the growing season. In general, a given plant fertilizer seaweed produce larger stems and upright, rough leaf veins, stems are not easily broken, and the green leaves and not easily torn. While the weeded plants urea has a simple rod collapsed and broken, dark green leaves, leaf veins was smooth, and easily torn. Test the effectiveness of seaweed fertilizer on the plants during the four-week high yield crops that were given solid fertilizer reaches 32.8 inches. Whereas plants given urea high as 32.2 centimeters. Long-leaf plants that use solid seaweed fertilizer reaches 13.7 inches, while the leaves of plants that use of urea fertilizer has a length of 9.3 centimeters. "The effectiveness of the test results we could conclude that by looking at the power plant, resistance to the environment, and the size of the plant, the most effective use seaweed fertilizer intensive," said Rachmaniar. Seaweed fertilizer formula is planned to be commercialized by a private company this year. According to the doctorate in chemistry of natural materials from Padjadjaran University, Bandung, although it has many advantages, seaweed fertilizer also has weaknesses. Leaves of plants fed seaweed fertilizer with the hole for many caterpillars eat leaves than plants that were made from chemical fertilizers. However, on the other hand, it could be an indicator that the plant does not harm human health when consumed. "If the caterpillar just afraid to consume the chemical, there must be why. It showed the plants were made from chemical fertilizers actually be harmful if consumed by humans" Rachmaniar said. * Awm/L-2 Source: Koran Jakarta, January 18 2010.Hal.22 cetak halaman ini budidaya ikan  |
| Pupuk Ramah Lingkungan dari Rumput Laut Posted: 12 Feb 2010 08:11 AM PST
Berbagai jenis rumput laut yang dianggap tidak memiliki nilai ekonomis ternyata bisa digunakan sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Kandungan unsur hara mikro dan makronya lebih tinggi dari pupuk urea. Lautan menyimpan begitu banyak sumber daya hayati yang bernilai jual tinggi. Selain beragam jenis ikan, kekayaan laut lainnya yang bermanfaat bagi manusia ialah rumput laut. Selama ini, rumput laut banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan, seperti jelly atau agar-agar, roti, salad, saus, dan es krim. Selain bahan makanan, tumbuhan laut yang termasuk keluarga gangga itu dapat diolah menjadi minuman semisal yoghurt dan sirup. Rumput laut juga kerap diekstrak untuk dijadikan bahan baku farmasi, kosmetika, dan bahan bakar. Karenanya, tidak heran jika rumput laut jenis tertentu banyak dibudidayakan untuk memasok kebutuhan industri. Menurut peneliti utama bidang produk alam laut dari Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), Rachmaniar Rachmat, ada beberapa jenis rumput laut bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Beberapa di antaranya Eucheuma, Gracilaria, dan Microphylum. Ada lebih dari 600 spesies rumput laut yang tersebar di perairan Indonesia. Spesies-spesien rumput laut itu digolongkan ke dalam empat kelas, yaitu ganggang merah {Rhodophyceae), ganggang cokelat {Phaeophyceae), ganggang hijau (Chlorophyceae), dan ganggang hijau-biru [Cyanophyceae). Sayangnya, sebagian besar rumput laut itu belum diteliti dengan lebih mendalam mengenai kandungan zat-zatnya. Alhasil, jenis-jenis rumput laut itu dianggap memiliki nilai ekonomi yang rendah. Rachmaniar mengatakan kebanyakan rumput laut yang kurang prospektif itu hidup liar di wilayah perairan Indonesia Timur, terutama di sekitar Pulau Sulawesi, Maluku, dan Papua. Jumlah rumput laut yang dianggap bernilai ekonomi rendah itu sebenarnya berpeluang untuk dijadikan pupuk yang mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro cukup tinggi. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan dari adanya tumpukan limbah rumput laut di lingkungan sekitar industri yang memanfaatkan sumber daya nabati laut itu. Di tumpukan limbah rumput laut yang telah melapuk itu biasanya tumbuh gulma atau beraneka ragam tanaman. "Hal itu menjadi indikasi rumput laut mengandung senyawa yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman," ujar Rachmaniar yang juga menjadi Sekretaris Eksekutif Asosiasi Rumput Laut Indonesia. Karena merupakan limbah industri, tumpukan rumput laut itu sudah terkontaminasi berbagai macam bahan kimia. Alhasil, kandungan pupuk yang dihasilkannya pun turut tercemar. Berdasarkan hal itu ditelitilah kemungkinan membuat pupuk dari rumput laut yang bebas dari bahan kimia. Rumput laut yang dimanfaatkan ialah rumput laut yang dianggap bernilai ekoriomi rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Rachmaniar diketahui rumput laut jenis Turbinaria dan Sargasum memiliki unsur hara makro dan mikro yang cukup lengkap. Unsur hara makro di antaranya nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, kalsium, magnesium, dan sulfur. Sedangkan unsur hara mikro antara lain besi, mangan, tembaga, seng, molibden, boron, dan klor. "Unsur-unsur yang terkandung dalam pupuk rumput laut itu lebih banyak daripada pupuk urea yang dijual di pasaran," klaim Rachmaniar. Lebih lanjut, Rachmaniar menjelaskan pembuatan pupuk rumput laut dalam bentuk padat diawali dengan menghancurkan rumput laut sampai halus. Tujuannya, agar bakteri penghancur dalam proses fermentasi dapat bekerja maksimal. Selain itu, senyawa laktosan (senyawa gula) dapat mudah menyatu. Semua bahan baku pembuatan pupuk rumput laut itu dicampur dan dimasukkan ke dalam wadah semisal drum, plastik, atau tempat yang memungkinkan berlangsungnya proses fermentasi kedap udara. Apabila selama fermentasi terdapat udara, maka proses pembuatan pupuk pun akan gagal. Waktu fermentasi optimal untuk membuat pupuk rumput laut padat itu sekitar dua pekan. Setelah itu, pupuk dapat diberikan pada tanaman sayur, buah, dan bunga. Selain pupuk padat, ada pula pupuk rumput laut cair. Bahan baku yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat pupuk cair tidak berbeda dengan pupuk padat. Perbedaan hanya terletak pada proses pembuatan dan lamanya waktu fermentasi. Pupuk rumput laut cair membutuhkan penambahan air dengan waktu fermentasi selama lima hari. Lebih Subur Rachmaniar memaparkan berdasarkan hasil uji antara pupuk rumput laut baik padat, cair, maupun campuran keduanya dengan urea diketahui kondisi tanaman menggunakan pupuk rumput laut lebih subur. Dalam uji coba penyemprotan pupuk rumput laut dilakukan dua kali selama masa tanam. Secara umum, tanaman yang diberi pupuk rumput laut menghasilkan batang lebih besar dan tegak, urat daun terasa kasar, batang tidak mudah patah, dan daun berwarna hijau serta tidak mudah sobek. Sedangkan tanaman yang disiangi pupuk urea memiliki batang yang mudah rebah dan patah, daun berwarna hijau tua, urat daun terasa halus, serta mudah sobek. Uji efektivitas pupuk rumput laut pada tanaman selama empat pekan memberikan hasil tinggi tanaman yang diberi pupuk padat mencapai 32,8 sentimeter. Sedangkan tanaman yang diberi pupuk urea tingginya mencapai 32,2 sentimeter. Panjang daun tanaman yang menggunakan pupuk rumput laut padat mencapai 13,7 sentimeter, sedangkan daun tanaman yang menggunakan pupuk urea memiliki panjang 9,3 sentimeter. "Dari hasil uji efektivitas dapat ditarik benang merah bahwa dengan melihat kekuatan tanaman, ketahanan terhadap lingkungan, serta ukuran tanaman, maka paling efektif menggunakan pupuk rumput laut padat," ujar Rachmaniar. Formula pupuk rumput laut itu rencananya akan dikomersialkan lewat suatu perusahaan swasta pada tahun ini. Menurut doktor bidang kimia bahan alam dari Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, itu meski memiliki banyak kelebihan, pupuk rumput laut juga memunyai kelemahan. Daun tanaman yang diberi pupuk rumput laut banyak yang berlubang karena dimakan ulat ketimbang daun tanaman yang diberi pupuk berbahan kimia. Namun, di sisi lain, hal itu bisa menjadi indikator bahwa tanaman tidak membahayakan kesehatan manusia ketika dikonsumsi. "Kalau ulat saja takut mengonsumsi kimia, tentu ada sebabnya. Hal itu menujukkan tanaman yang diberi pupuk berbahan kimia sebenarnya berbahaya jika dikonsumsi manusia" ujar Rachmaniar. * awm/L-2 Sumber : Koran Jakarta,18 Januari 2010.Hal.22 cetak halaman ini budidaya ikan  |
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